Buying $20 Liberty Double Eagle Gold Coins

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$20 Liberty gold double eagles are one of the world's most recognized gold coins. A workhorse coin of commerce, it was one of the building blocks of the growing U.S. economy and financial markets in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Also known as Coronet Double Eagles because of the coronet, or crown, adorning the head of Liberty on the obverse, $20 Liberty gold coins were used in every aspect of American economic life. Their large gold content (almost a full ounce) made them especially useful in banking transactions and international trade. The classic portrait of Miss Liberty on the coin's obverse and the bold heraldic Eagle on its reverse stand as inspiring symbols of America's emergence as a mature world power during this wild and exciting period in our nation's history.

Today, due to their limited numbers and worldwide popularity, $20 Liberty gold double eagles are avidly sought by coin collectors and gold investors looking for extra leverage to the gold price. Because of their true scarcity and strong collector demand they can appreciate in a rising gold market much faster than gold bullion. And unlike modern bullion coins, $20 Liberty gold coins offer financial privacy because they are exempt from broker reporting requirements to the IRS.

Gold Price, Content Fixed by Law

During the time of the $20 Liberty's issue, the price of gold was fixed by law at $20.67 an ounce. The gold content of the Double Eagle was fixed at .9675 oz., so that the value of its weight in pure gold would be equal to its $20 denomination. Prior to 1849, the largest gold coin issued by the U.S. Government had been the $10 Gold Eagle, first struck in 1795. The new $20 Liberty gold pieces quickly were dubbed 'Double Eagles' because they were twice the size of the established and popular $10 Gold Eagles.

Type 1 $20 Liberty Gold Double Eagles, 'No Motto'

$20 Liberty Double Eagle gold coins were produced in three varieties by the U.S. Mint over the course of their history, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The first U.S. $20 gold coins ever made were the Type 1 $20 Liberty double eagles, minted in 1849. It is thought only two coins were struck dated 1849 (perhaps several others as well). One currently resides in the national collection at the Smithsonian Institution. Regular production of $20 gold coins for circulation commenced in 1850 at the Philadelphia and New Orleans mints. The San Francisco mint issues began in 1854, the year this western mint first opened. The last New Orleans mint Type 1 $20 Liberty was struck in 1861. In the spring of that year, the mint in New Orleans was seized, first by the State of Louisiana, then by the Confederacy. The Type 1 design became known as the 'No Motto' design because, unlike later types, it did not feature the national motto 'IN GOD WE TRUST' on the reverse.

Type 2 $20 Liberty Gold Double Eagles, 'With Motto'

Beginning in 1866, the motto IN GOD WE TRUST was added to the reverse of $20 Liberty gold coins for the first time. This alteration in the coin's design quickly became known as the 'With Motto' variety. Type 2 $20 Liberty Double Eagles were struck from 1866 to 1876 at the Philadelphia and San Francisco mints. Then, beginning in 1870, the newly-opened Carson City mint began to produce Type 2 $20 Liberty gold coins as well. This famous Wild West mint produced $20 Liberty Gold Double Eagles, $10 Liberty Gold Eagles, and $5 Liberty Gold Half Eagles for only 23 years, until it closed in 1893.

Type 3 $20 Liberty Double Eagles

In 1877, the $20 Liberty Double Eagle was modified for the third and last time. Miss Liberty's portrait on the obverse was refined, now showing more delicate detail in the face and hair. On the reverse, the spelling of the value was changed from TWENTY D. to TWENTY DOLLARS. Type 3 Liberty gold coinss were minted in Philadelphia, San Francisco, Carson City; they were also struck in New Orleans in 1879 only, and in Denver for just two years, 1906 and 1907. The last $20 Liberty Double Eagle gold coins were struck in 1907. In that year, the mint released a new design by renowned sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, one that would reflect the vibrancy of America as a dominant world leader.

$20 Liberty Gold Double Eagle Special Issues

In addition to 'business strikes,' which were coins intended for use as currency, $20 Liberty Double Eagles were also struck as presentation pieces in Proof condition, intended to be given to foreign dignitaries and government officials, or to be sold to collectors. Proof coins are struck at least twice, with specially prepared and polished dies on specially prepared and polished blanks. Proof coins feature razor-sharp strikes, often with especially frosty devices (Miss Liberty's image, for example) and highly polished, mirrored fields. Proof gold coins usually have very small mintage figures, normally from 25 to 125 pieces for a given year. Proof $20 Liberty gold coins were minted from 1859 to 1907. Most Proof $20 Liberty mintage figures average around 50 coins per year. Typically, all Proof issues are struck only at the Philadelphia mint, although several Branch Mint Proof gold issues are known to exist.

In the early 1900’s President Theodore Roosevelt called for a “renaissance” in American coinage.

He thought the coins of that era were unattractive and wanted them to instead embody our national identity and growing preeminence on the world stage. The United States of America, a bold experiment in liberty and representative democracy, had not only succeeded, it had come of age. And its coins should reflect that, Roosevelt felt. Coins were one of the most visible, tangible representations of a country.

It was this sense of purpose that led Roosevelt to choose Augustus Saint- Gaudens to redesign America’s coins. Saint-Gaudens was a renowned sculptor and an artist who shared the President’s vision for expressing America’s national identity visually through art.

In 1905, President Roosevelt personally invited Saint-Gaudens to redesign American coinage, specifically U.S. gold pieces. What emerged has been called the most beautiful coin ever minted in the U.S. and perhaps the world — the 1907 $20 gold piece, also known as the Double Eagle.

On the obverse, Saint-Gaudens shows Liberty, personified by a statuesque woman striding powerfully forward. Liberty’s robe harkens back to our roots as a republic based on the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome. Liberty is leading the way with a torch in her front hand and an olive branch in the back hand. This design underscores that liberty is central to the American spirit, is beautiful and attractive to all, and wherever Liberty goes, inspired by enlightenment, peace follows. The United States Capitol dome is also depicted in the background, meaning that through representative democracy, liberty has been fully achieved in America, strengthening her position to go forth throughout the world.

A young eagle flying during a sunrise is depicted on the reverse. This is America, young and strong, in its ascendancy with a bright future before it. The motto, “E PLURIBUS UNUM” is on the edge of the coin, allowing a cleaner design on the obverse and reverse. These stylistic elements represented the visual embodiment of America and made it the definitive American coin.

There were four variations of the 1907 Double Eagle. The first two attempts were considered ultra high relief (also referred to as extremely high relief), a 34-mm version and a 27-mm version, both with Roman numerals. The coining process for the 34-mm version was too arduous, and the United States Mint would later find out it had no authority to mint the 27-mm version. Its third attempt reduced the relief, and was struck in 34-mm version with Roman numerals. Because its relief was reduced, it did not require as much metal flow to fill the design, and was more suitable for mass production and approximately 12,000 were made. Finally, in December 1907, a fourth variation was produced, an even lower relief 34-mm version, with Arabic numerals.

Despite Saint-Gaudens’ artistic masterpiece, the minting process of the day was not conducive to high relief coins, which he and Roosevelt specifically desired. As a result, despite being considered one of the most beautiful gold pieces ever minted, Saint-Gaudens’ full vision for the production of an ultra high relief coin was never realized.

2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle

In January 2009, the United States Mint issued the 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle Gold Coin. This coin promises to fulfill Augustus Saint-Gaudens’ vision of an ultra high relief coin that could not be realized in 1907 with his legendary Double Eagle liberty design.

Double Eagle Coin Value

The 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle Gold Coin shows the Nation and the world the very best the United States Mint has to offer. The 21st century vision of the United States Mint, combined with technological advances, enabled the United States Mint to realize the previously unattainable goal of making the coin accessible to all Americans.

Through 21st century technology and the vision of Director Ed Moy, original Saint-Gaudens coin plasters were digitally mapped by the United States Mint. Using the digital design and die-making process, the Saint-Gaudens sculpture—in ultra high relief—has been updated to reflect the year 2009, an additional four stars to represent the current 50 states, and the inscription “In God We Trust,” which was not on the 1907 version.

Additionally, a small border was added for a more consistent edge. The 2009 coin will be made of 24-karat gold. Pure 24-karat gold is much more malleable than 22-karat or 90% gold coins, making it better material for striking the ultra high relief.

The United States Mint looks forward to the 21st century and a new era of modern coinage. It eagerly continues the tradition of embodying America’s spirit and identity through its coins and medals. The coin is a uniquely American artistic expression—created by an American sculptor and crafted by an iconic American institution.

$20 Liberty Gold Coin Value

The 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle Gold Coin closes one chapter of American coin design and begins a new one. We have perfected what has been called one of the most beautiful coins in the world, but, like America itself, there is much more on the horizon.

Double Eagle Gold Coins

1924 Double Eagle Coin

• 1907 Double Eagle $20 Gold Coin